NPD exam notes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

NPD test notes - Essay Example Woolworths enlisted a benefit of 7.5 million pounds, value of 287.4 million pounds, absolute resources of 442.9 million pounds and net resources of 287.4 million pounds dependent on the Annual Report of 2008. Second, the organization has a solid corporate social duty program. Woolworths was a finalist in Retail Bulletin’s People in Retail Award 2007 for its Potential Group programme.The organization gave preparing for emloyees in Woolworths Group Asia on self-improvement, and correspondence. Third, buyer spending in the UK has expanded reliably subsequently expanding Woolworths’ piece of the overall industry. Fourth, the worlwide downturn makes British purchasers value touchy favors Woolworths store tasks. Shortcomings â€The called up share capital is just 182.4 million pounds. There is a requirement for outside speculators to come in and siphon new capital. The organization faces overwhelming obligation adjusting at 126.8 million pounds. The organization needs to resign a gigantic bit of its obligation so as not to influence activities. To start with, Woolworths need to interface up with increasingly British food makers in provincial territories so as to guarantee a 100% British food gracefully for the purchasers. Second, Woolworths need to revamp its stores so as to have a more grounded neighborhood nearness. Third, Woolworths need to interface with global providers to offer a more extensive assortment of food and basic food item things. Openings Woolworths has a solid income at 40.1 million pounds for February 2008. This high figure implies that the organization will meet its commitments. To start with, the innovation arrangements offered by numerous organizations will permit Woolworths to be delicate in meeting their clients every day shopping needs. Woolworth can make stock plans that upgrade the range and stock at the store level and fit it to the specific space accessible. Second, Woolworths has more store outlets which means higher incomes. Third, Woolworth has close relations with

Business Information and the Management of Organisation Essay

Business Information and the Management of Organization - Essay Example (Nutt) Key dynamic is one of the most basic errands in associations as it has turned out to be progressively critical to consider vital dynamic more from an exchange costs just as social perspective. (Papadakis, Lioukas and Chambers). One of the key choices which organization may make is showcase improvement for example to go into new markets, for example, Asia or South American market. Go into another market is a vital choice since top administration of the firm, thinking about the general crucial the firm, may choose to exapnd into new markets in an offer to lessen costs and accomplish separation as far as cost. It is likewise basic to realize that so as to settle on key choices, it isn't vital that the data required to settle on such choices will be lucid and complete in all regards as vital choices are regularly founded on fluffy data. Strategic choices include the How of key dynamic on the grounds that by settling on strategic choices, associations essentially conclude how to appear methodology. Strategic choices need to help the system and are of medium term in nature with moderate degree of results. A strategic choice for AstraZeneca may remember choosing for how to go into new market The inquiry in this way would be coordinated regarding whether a Greenfield venture will be begun, regardless of whether the firm ought to enter through sending out, diversifying and so forth. In wording settling on a key choice of going into new market, taking strategic choices would include how to go into those business sectors. The data at this stage is progressively formalized be that as it may, data prerequisites are as yet not formalized in nature. Operational Decisions Operational choices are the normal and routine choices which chiefs take in their everyday undertakings. These choices regularly expect access to specialized data and will in general help strategic dynamic. For instance, if AstraZeneca settle on a strategic choice of entering through a Greenfield venture in one of the Asian Markets than operational choices may include the dynamic procedure of how to secure land, plant, apparatus and recruit work to begin creation. Further, operational choices are basic as in they are the essential choices which are taken to appear or offer shape to the general key administration dynamic of the association. In general, the particular elements of every class of dynamic may fluctuate as each degree of dynamic require distinctive arrangement of data and data needs differ. Data required As talked about over that the data necessities shift with every dynamic class in this manner the data needs just as its structure fluctuates contrast for each situation. Vital Decisions Key dynamic procedure is subject to conduct choice hypothesis just as exchange cost financial matters (Papadakis, Lioukas and Chambers) along these lines so as to plainly layout the data required to settle on key choices would require thought of above arrangement of components. Considering the elements of the conduct dynamic, it is basic to specify that exploration contemplates have especially focused on individual just as collective choice creation forms. (Senior member and Sharfman) in this manner on singular level, key decisio

Writing Tips from Bestseller Fiction Authors

Writing Tips from Bestseller Fiction Authors If you want to accomplish a goal, there is no better way to prepare than to follow the advice of someone who has already reached that exact goal. The same is true for publishing bestselling fiction novels. Although each author has their own process for getting there, here are some indispensable tips from bestselling fiction authors to help you get there faster.Read everything you can lay hands on. I always advise people who want to write a fantasy or science fiction or romance to stop reading everything in those genres and start reading everything else from Bunyan to Byatt.Michael MoorcockThis one is a common tip from multiple authors. You cant be a good writer without first having read whats out there. This applies to books that are in the same genre youre writing, as well as other books that are considered classics in the literary world (theres a reason they became classics). Reading within your own genre insures that you have a good understanding of whats already been published an d what publishers have accepted in the past. Youll also know what readers within that genre likeâ€"the types of characters, plots, etc.Protect the time and space in which you write. Keep everybody away from it, even the people who are most important to you.Zadie SmithThe writing life is essentially one of solitary confinement â€" if you cant deal with this you neednt apply.Will SelfThis concept is especially difficult for many authors, particularly those who have family responsibilities and who write from home. Theres really no good way to deal with it, and lets face itâ€"reading over the biographies of famous authors of the past, you can find many examples of failed marriages and ruined relationships.However, if you dont protect the time and space in which you write, youll likely never get anything written. Interruptions to your creative process can set you back each time they happen, until you lose the moment completely and nothing gets done. This includes online and social media interruptions, by the way, which leads us to the next tip.Its doubtful that anyone with an internet connection at his workplace is writing good fiction.Jonathan FranzenWork on a computer that is disconnected from the internet.Zadie SmithBe honestâ€"how often do you keep social media and text notifications on while sitting at your workspace to write? If this is a habit for you (as it is with most people), end it. Beyond the inconsequential social media updates that most of us spend too much time reading, these interruptions are just as bad as offline interruptions. The concept of unplugging in this sense might not be completely true if youre still using a laptop, but at the very least, you should disconnect and unplug from the internet. That funny cat meme or picture of so-and-sos toes on the beach can wait.Always carry a note-book. And I mean always. The short-term memory only retains information for three minutes; unless it is committed to paper you can lose an idea for ever.Will S elfHow many times have you been driving your car or out running errands when an idea for your novel struck? If youre like many authors, the creative process goes beyond the time you spend sitting at your laptop or typewriterâ€"it is a constant thought (obsession, even) in your head. So carry a notebook with you to record these thoughts. Dont trust your memory enough to remember it when you get back to your desk, write it down now (or at least as soon as you pull the car over to the side of the road).Read it aloud to yourself because thats the only way to be sure the rhythms of the sentences are OK (prose rhythms are too complex and subtle to be thought outâ€"they can be got right only by ear).Diana AthillIf your character dialogue doesnt sound realistic, that will be obvious as soon as you read it aloud. When we read words aloud, we go slower and pay more attention to the rhythm of the language, which makes reading aloud a great proofing tool to determine if a section is written wel l.Dont tell me the moon is shining; show me the glint of light on broken glass.Anton ChekhovThis is Writing 101, but writers still tend to forget it. Narration that describes is not nearly as exciting as seeing it through a characters eyes, particularly in unexpected ways. It gives the character more depth, adds deeper levels of metaphor, and sounds new and different to a reader who has read about the moon shining over the lake too often already.You know that sickening feeling of inadequacy and over-exposure you feel when you look upon your own empurpled prose? Relax into the awareness that this ghastly sensation will never, ever leave you, no matter how successful and publicly lauded you become. It is intrinsic to the real business of writing and should be cherished.Will SelfFinally, lets talk about the confidence that is required to finally let someone read your precious manuscript. This part is difficult for even the most seasoned writers because really, it is a process of laying your soul bare (since your heart and soul was put into that manuscript in the first place). Just keep in mind that in releasing your writing to be read by an audience, you will inevitably feel inadequate and overly critical of yourself and your work. Swallow those feelings and give it to your reader anyway. Their reaction will almost always be better than you anticipated.

Huawei Technologies Co Globalizing through Innovation Free Essay Example, 1000 words

Although this is a good step into globalization, there are concerns which are going to be addressed later. The biggest merit that Huawei has realized through the globalization of its industries includes the human resource advantage from all over the world. By this, it means that the company is able to continually improve its innovation to this day through new ideas generated by local network developers, engineers as well as executives and marketers. In this world of competition, the companies that have the best approach to consumer-solution strategy are the ions which score highly (Huawei, 2011). Two decades later technological analysis seems to place the company on the same path because of its innovative approach. The issue of globalization also has made the company able to outsource its foreign obligations to the companies in those countries. Such companies such as Orange and T-mobile have taken the obligation of not only partnering with the company but also doing part of the obli gations that are supposed to be carried out by the company (Carr, 2011). For the company such as these to be able to have a global impact it is true that some factors have played a big role in the development. We will write a custom essay sample on Huawei Technologies Co: Globalizing through Innovation or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/page The issues have need raised by various Chinese politicians as well as technological observers that the company may risk being overtaken by other domestic firms as it focuses more internationally than the local market.

Perfect Implementation After Planning Of The Project

Perfect implementation after planning of the project. Scheduling and sequencing the project with assessment steps to decrease chances of failure. 1.4: Explain the key elements involved in terminating projects and conducting post project appraisal: Extinction- Deficit or deficiency of the financial means to continue can cause extinction. Factors rendering the project non profitable, unethical, or over bearing due to non calculated unforeseen circumstances. Inclusion- Employees that worked on the project, property used on the project, and equipment are often simply transferred from the dying project to the newly born division. The change from project to division demands a superior level of political and social emotional sensitivity for successful accomplishment. integration- This type of termination is the most common way of dealing with successful projects, and the most complex the material, equipment, property and personnel, and functions of the project are shared among the existing elements of the directors or parent company. 2.1: identify the most appropriate organizational structure, roles and responsibilities of participants within a project. When the project has been assessed and analysed, proving worth the investment and what resources are needed to carry out the projecthas been decided, the project manager now must work on the team. An organizational framework would now also be decided by the project manager. The structure for an organization likeShow MoreRelatedResearch Study On Astrid Young1064 Words   |  5 Pagesthe NT conversion project to convince the directors during the interview that she was the right person for the job. After getting the job, she successfully convinces the directors to approve the shift to the Microsoft NT conversion from Windows 95. The conversion project is faced with a number of challenges and are brought to the attention of the directors who in turn seek answers from Young. This case study also seeks to highlight the mistakes that occurred during the project, as well as give recommendationsRead MoreEssay about Wedding Project Part I1107 Words   |  5 PagesWEDDING PROJECT PART I The Wedding Project Student Name University of Phoenix The Wedding Project One of the most significant days in a persons life is her wedding day! To ensure that such a momentous event goes off without a hitch, appropriate planning is required. And when it comes to wedding planning, picking ones partner could very well be the easiest of the planning decisions to make. Months will be spent prior to the wedding researching vendors, comparing products and prices, meetingRead MoreEvaluation Of The Memorial Health System1042 Words   |  5 Pagesthe inefficiency† –Bill Gates (The Brainy Quote, n.d.). While reviewing other IT project implementations shed light on system failures and also what seems to work best. Planning and a strong team seem to be first priority to getting started followed by set goals. The case of the Memorial Health System CPOE implementation is a perfect example of why planning and following the steps are crucial to success. Good project management should be a focus, with special attention paid to having a strong teamRead MoreEnterprise Resource Planning Implementation at Cisco657 Words   |  3 PagesThe success of the ERP implementation at Cisco was dependent on strong leadership, smart planning, and a bit of luck. From the initial conception of the project, the project leader Pete Solvick, Randy Pond, Carl Redfield knew what they wanted; a large system in a short amount of time that contained the ability to adapt and grow concurrently with their business, and a provider that was going to be around to support their product well into the future. The decisiveness of the leaders on what they wantedRead MoreEssay on The Wedding Project1126 Words   |  5 PagesThe Wedding Project One of the most significant days in a persons life is her wedding day! To ensure that such a momentous event goes off without a hitch, appropriate planning is required. And when it comes to wedding planning, picking ones partner could very well be the easiest of all the planning decisions to make. Months will be spent prior to the wedding researching vendors, comparing products and prices, meeting with photographers, hotel managers, and many more wedding vendors to determineRead MoreEssay On Enterprise Resource Planning1586 Words   |  7 PagesERP Introduction ERP or Enterprise Resource Planning is explained as a central data collection with wide distribution, so as compared to functional system instead of having several databases for individual departments with disconnected spreadsheets ERP can bring everything together for all users from top management to CEO to accounts payable clerks to work on same data derived through common processes. ERP had certain security level to verify the data security and its correction. ERP can be a difficultRead MoreHarley Davidson1621 Words   |  7 Pagescase took place in the period from 1997-1999. The purpose of the case was to analyze the process of selecting a modular Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) system to support supply chain management for this large manufacturing company. Recognizing that the purchasing process for obtaining materials and parts was out of control, management coordinated a project to understand its purchasing process and activities, solicit feedback from the 800 people who would be affected by the new system, and createRead MoreTransparency Reports And Reduction Of Carbon Footprint1432 Words   |  6 Pagesbecome a raising concern among the public. However, there are no perfect approaches in this as almost every approaches are met with certain concerns one way or another, as summarized in Figure 5: Summary of steps taken by industry. In the next segment, the concerns will be addressed and how project managers from Square Enix can ad apt sustainability into their project management lifecycle.â€Æ' 3. Environmental Sustainability Adaption After much discussion, it is concluded that environmental sustainabilityRead MoreDesign New Services For Jamuna Bank1148 Words   |  5 Pagesgoing write my suggestions about â€Å"service development and design† Basically product design and development sector divided in two parts. They are planning section and implementation. In planning section we got new service strategy development then come idea generation, concept development evaluation and business. In implementation section we got service development and testing, market testing, commercializing and post interaction evaluation. As Jamuna Bank do not haveRead MoreRecommendation Of Priority Is Initiatives1143 Words   |  5 Pagestime of an order and sends it back to Order entry users Mode of acquisition After analysing strengths, weaknesses of current IS we understood that current IS lacks in Customer Service area. Moreover, with the current IS Assessment, we conclude that we have sufficient technical expertise needed to carry out the new project. In order to utilise the available resources efficiently and to meet the budget goals of the Project, We have identified the best mode of acquisition for BHS 2.0 as In-house

Line, Staff and Human Resources Management Authority Free Essays

Line, Staff and Human Resources Management Authority What does it take to get the right organizational design for Human Resources? In today’s constantly evolving environment, developing an organization that makes the right decisions, while directing others’ work and giving orders requires having line and staff authority in place. In this essay, we will explain what authority is and explain the difference from line authority and staff authority. Also we will explain what type of authority human resource managers have. We will write a custom essay sample on Line, Staff and Human Resources Management Authority or any similar topic only for you Order Now So what is authority? Authority is â€Å"the power to determine, adjudicate, or otherwise settle issues or disputes; jurisdiction; the right to control, command, or determine† (Dictionary. com, n. d. ). Power is the ability to get things done either to enforce one’s own will or to enforce the collective will of an organization. This tells us that all managers have some form of authority. Now, let us distinguish between line authority and staff authority. Line authority gives management individuals the formal power to direct and control immediate subordinates. Staff authority gives managers the right to advise, recommend, and counsel other managers and employees. It is a communication relationship with management. It has an influence that derives indirectly from line authority at a higher level. According to Dessler (2008), line authority creates a superior-subordinate relationship and staff authority creates an advisory relationship. The authority of human resources is delegated by the top management of organizations. How much authority it derives from top management is a policy matter. With today’s workforce becoming increasingly diverse and organizations doing more to maximize the benefits of the differences in employees, human resource managers are key players. Organizations are relying on managers to get the people who get the job done, and of course, make the company money. Human resource managers have three fundamental functions: 1) line function – directing activities within the department and related areas while having implied authority, 2) coordinative function – coordinating personnel activities and 3) staff functions – assisting and advising line managers. In conclusion, line, staff and human resources personnel must work together closely to maintain the efficiency and effectiveness of the organization. To ensure that line, staff and human resources personnel do work together productively, management must make sure all groups understand the organizational mission, have specific objectives, and realize that they are partners in helping the organization reach its objectives. References Authority. (n. d. ). Dictionary. com Unabridged. Retrieved July 18, 2010, from Dictionary. com website: http://dictionary. reference. com/browse/authority Dressler, G. (2008). Florida International University. In G. Dressler, Human Resources Management – 11th ed. (p. 4). Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458: Pearson Prentice Hall. How to cite Line, Staff and Human Resources Management Authority, Papers

Managment Case Study Essay Example

Managment Case Study Paper 1. In our view, Pope John Paul 2 the CEO of the world’s largest organization-Roman Catholic Church- is following the Goal Approach in evaluating the effectiveness of this huge organization. As his press secretary stated He wants things to be done, so he emphasizes on achievement of the goals by telling his subordinates what to do and letting them do their jobs. 1. The Curia: It is using Systems Resource Approach to measure the effectiveness of Church. It is concerned with how they are handled being an important sub-part of the system.Pope’s attention gave them the sense of purpose and a feeling that effectiveness depends upon successful interactions and dependency on others’ activities. 1. The Parish Priest: A parish Priest is using Goal Approach to measure the effectiveness of the Church. They just emphasize on the end results. Until and unless schools, hospitals and orphanages are working smoothly and showing results; they think Church as an entity operating effectively. 1. The Typical Catholic Layperson: In our view a Catholic layperson evaluates the Church’s effectiveness by the performance of the clergy.A common Catholic will just want the Church to follow all Catholic principles and give him/her the output in terms of guidance and problem solution. We will write a custom essay sample on Managment Case Study specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Managment Case Study specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Managment Case Study specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Q2) Describe Catholic Church’s organization today. Has this structure changed under john Paul’s leadership? Ans) Catholic Church organization comprises of: It is the same structure that was in place ago but the main difference John Paul’s leadership has brought is the replacement of most Italian Clergy in Curia. It has given the administration new ideas and a complete turnover. Q3) Are there other ways to structure an organization of the size of the Catholic Church?Ans) Restructuring this huge type of organization is almost impossible. Its very difficult to alter that wider span of control or to centralize it. The only way to improve this structure (In my view) is to appoint teams working independently just to have a check and balance on the performance of the clergy without involving in their duties. Q4) What has John Paul done to improve the church’s effectiveness? Ans) Showing his excellent leadership qualities, Pope John Paul has invested a great amount of time travelling around the Globe and making his subordinates aware of their respective duties they had to perform.Using Goals Approach, he has clearly outlined each person in the organization the work they had to do and has given them a sense of purpose. By involving in their work, improving coordination amongst the members and taking their inputs, he has certainly improved his organizations effectiveness. Q5) Compare and contrast the pope’s role in the Catholic Church with the job of corporate CEO, such as Lee Lacocca at Chrysler corporation. Ans) The Commonality between both the CEOs is their devotion to their work, the way they understand their organization goals and the way they want those to be achieved.Both renowned for bringing a turnaround in their respective organizations when it was needed the most. But the main contrast in both the characters is that one is a CEO of a profit organization and the other being the head of a religious nonprofit organization. Both are pursuing different ultimate goals. One seeks to achieve the goal of profit maximization while the other seeks the maximum satisfaction of his followers and the strict implication of his religion. Both follow the same strategy but their domain is totally different.

Articles of confederation

Articles of confederation From 1781 to 1789 the Articles of Confederation did not provide the United States with an effective government. The remarkably weak central government provoked a hostile environment within the United States and led to the diminishing of the country politically and economically.Under the Articles of Confederation, tensions in the United States threatened peace and unity. With such a weak and powerless central government, the states acted as individual countries. Numerous states had no choice but to cede land to the federal government. This was the result of the inability of the states to control territories which were too spread out too far. In Document E, it is made apparent that New York had to yield most of its Midwest territory. In 1785, Massachusetts gave up parts of Michigan formally owned by New York four years earlier. If land was not ceded, war would have been a likely result between the states.The Articles of Conferderation, ratified in 1781. ...The Articles established a na tional legislature called the Congress, consisting of two to seven delegates from each state; each state had one vote, according to its size or population. No executive or judicial branches were provided for. Congress was charged with responsibility for conducting foreign relations, declaring war or peace, maintaining an army and navy, settling boundary disputes, establishing and maintaining a postal service, and variouslesser functions.Some of these responsibilities were shared with the states, and in one way or another Congress was dependent upon the cooperation of the states for carrying out any of them. Four visible weaknesses of the articles, apart from those of organization, made it impossible for Congress to execute its constitutional duties.These were analyzed in numbers 15-22 of The FEDERALIST, the political essays in which Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay argued the case for the U.S. CONSTITUTION...

The History of Pop Art (1950s-1970s)

The History of Pop Art (1950s-1970s) Pop Art was born in Britain in the mid-1950s. It was the brain-child of several young subversive artists- as most modern art tends to be. The first application of the term Pop Art occurred during discussions among artists who called themselves the Independent Group (IG), which was part of the Institute of Contemporary Art in London, begun around 1952–53. Pop Art appreciates popular culture, or what we also call â€Å"material culture.† It does not critique the consequences of materialism and consumerism; it simply recognizes its pervasive presence as a natural fact. Acquiring consumer goods, responding to clever advertisements and building more effective forms of mass communication (back then: movies, television, newspapers, and magazines) galvanized energy among young people born during the post-World War II generation. Rebelling against the esoteric vocabulary of abstract art, they wanted to express their optimism in a youthful visual language, responding to so much hardship and privation. Pop Art celebrated the United Generation of Shopping. How Long Was the Movement? The movement was officially christened by British art critic Lawrence Alloway in a 1958 article called The Arts and Mass Media. Art history textbooks tend to claim that British artist Richard Hamiltons collage Just What Is It that Makes Todays Home So Different and So Appealing? (1956) signaled that Pop Art had arrived on the scene. The collage appeared in the show This Is Tomorrow at Whitechapel Art Gallery in 1956, so we might say that this work of art and this exhibition mark the official beginning of the movement, even though the artists worked on Pop Art themes earlier in their careers. Pop Art, for the most part, completed the Modernism movement in the early 1970s, with its optimistic investment in contemporary subject matter. It also ended the Modernism movement by holding up a mirror to contemporary society. Once the postmodernist generation looked hard and long into the mirror, self-doubt took over and the party atmosphere of Pop Art faded away. Key Characteristics of Pop Art There are several readily recognizable characteristics that art critics use to define pop art: Recognizable imagery, drawn from popular media and products.Usually very bright colors.Flat imagery influenced by comic books and newspaper photographs.Images of celebrities or fictional characters in comic books, advertisements, and fan magazines.In sculpture, an innovative use of media. Historic Precedent The integration of fine art and popular culture (such as billboards, packaging, and print advertisements) began long before the 1950s. In 1855, French realist painter Gustave Courbet symbolically pandered to popular taste by including a pose taken from the inexpensive print series called Imagerie d’Épinal. This immensely popular series featured brightly painted moralizing scenes invented by French illustrator (and art rival) Jean-Charles Pellerin (1756–1836). Every schoolboy knew these pictures of street life, the military, and legendary characters. Did the middle class get Courbets drift? Maybe not, but Courbet did not care. He knew he had invaded high art with a low art form. Spanish artist Pablo Picasso used the same strategy. He joked about our love affair with shopping by creating a woman out of a label and ad from the department store Bon Marchà ©. While Au Bon Marchà © (1913) may not be considered the first Pop Art collage, it certainly planted the seeds for the movement. Roots in Dada Dada pioneer Marcel Duchamp pushed Picassos consumerist ploy further by introducing the actual mass-produced object into the exhibition: a bottle-rack, a snow shovel, a urinal (upside down). He called these objects Ready-Mades, an anti-art expression that belonged to the Dada movement. Neo-Dada, or Early Pop Art Early Pop artists followed Duchamps lead in the 1950s by returning to imagery during the height of Abstract Expressionism and purposely selecting low-brow popular imagery. They also incorporated or reproduced 3-dimension objects. Jasper Johns Beer Cans (1960) and Robert Rauschenbergs Bed (1955) are two cases in point. This work was called Neo-Dada during its formative years. Today, we might call it Pre-Pop Art or Early Pop Art. British Pop Art Independent Group (Institute of Contemporary Art) Richard HamiltonEdouardo PaolozziPeter BlakeJohn McHaleLawrence AllowayPeter Reyner BanhamRichard SmithJon Thompson Young Contemporaries (Royal College of Art) R. B. KitajPeter PhilipsBilly Apple (Barrie Bates)Derek BoshierPatrick CanfieldDavid HockneyAllen JonesNorman Toynton American Pop Art Andy Warhol understood shopping and he also understood the allure of celebrity. Together these Post-World War II obsessions drove the economy. From shopping malls to People Magazine, Warhol captured an authentic American aesthetic: packaging products and people. It was an insightful observation. Public display ruled and everyone wanted his/her own fifteen minutes of fame. New York Pop Art Roy LichtensteinAndy WarholRobert IndianaGeorge BrechtMarisol (Escobar)Tom WesselmannMarjorie StriderAllan DArcangeloIda WeberClaes Oldenberg - common products made out of odd materialsGeorge Segal - white plaster casts of bodies in everyday settingsJames Rosenquist - paintings that looked like collages of advertisementsRosalyn Drexler - pop stars and contemporary issues. California Pop Art Billy Al BengstonEdward KienholzWallace BermanJohn WesleyJess CollinsRichard PettiboneMel RemosEdward RuschaWayne ThiebaudJoe GoodeVon Dutch HollandJim EllerAnthony BerlantVictor DebreuilPhillip HeffertonRobert O’DowdJames GillRobert Kuntz Sources Alloway, Lawrence. The Arts and Mass Media. Architectural Design 28 (1958): 85-86. Francis, Mark and Hal Foster. Pop. London and New York: Phaidon, 2010.Lippard, Lucy with Lawrence Alloway, Nicolas Cala and Nancy Marmer. Pop Art. London and New York: Thames and Hudson, 1985.Madoff, Steven Henry, ed. Pop Art: A Critical History. Berkeley: University of California, 1997.Osterwald, Tilman. Pop Art. Cologne, Germany: Taschen, 2007.Rice, Shelley. Back to the Future: George Kubler, Lawrence Alloway, and the Complex Present. Art Journal 68.4 (2009): 78-87. Print.Schapiro, Meyer. Courbet and Popular Imagery: An Essay on Realism and  Naà ¯vetà ©. Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes 4.3/4 (1941): 164-91.Sooke, Alistair. Richard Hamilton and the work that created Pop Art. Culture. BBC, August 24, 2015.

The Prevalence of Plastic Surgery Among South Korean Women and its Essay

The Prevalence of Plastic Surgery Among South Korean Women and its Relation to Pop Culture - Essay Example For instance, the male-dominated society has deemed that a woman may be considered feminine if her body type is a certain way, and the feminine ideal changes through time. At the time of Lorber's writing, the fashion was for women to be small-breasted, slim-hipped and bordering on emaciated. Because that was the ideal, many women starved themselves to fit this aesthetic. The aesthetic has also popularized magazines that promised to show women how to become thinner, with such titles as â€Å"Help Stamp Out Cellulite† and â€Å"Fat-Burning Exercise Guide.† Furthermore, there are informal edicts that women must follow in order to be considered feminine. For instance, Lorber talks about how women take up much less personal space then men. When women are on a train, they make themselves as small as possible – legs pressed together, arms at their sides. Meanwhile, men splay their arms and legs as far as possible. Women also need to have supple skin that shows no signs of age, and must be kept up with expensive cremes and electrolysis. Makeup is almost required. All of this is to make the woman more attractive to men, and women feel bad when they fail to conform to the prescribed beauty ideal (Lorber, 1993). Moreover, the feminine ideal has evolved over the years towards an image of ever-unattainable perfection. The past 50 or 60 years has been marked by a changing standard of ideal beauty in society. According to Calabrese et al., the ideal has changed towards a thinner female body type, one that is unattainable by most women. This is seen in Playboy Magazine centerfold models, Miss America pageant winners and fashion models. As stated above, these ideals are... What it means to be feminine in society is often equated with an impossibly thin, tall woman with Western features. This is true even in some Asian countries, such as Taiwan and Singapore. South Korea also emphasizes the Western ideal, as it uses Western models to promote glamorous items such as lingerie, and Asian models are used to promote house-cleaning items. The message is that, to attain an ideal, you must look a certain way, and Korean women are increasingly falling into the trap. No longer content to have broad noses, full lips, broad faces and small eyes, Korean women are increasingly getting their noses and eyes Westernized. In the process, they are perpetuating oppression and patriarchy by giving into the feminine ideal set forth by the male-dominated society in which they live, for it is the men who demand the rigid standard of beauty. The Westernized Korean women are also giving up a part of themselves, their identity and the parts of themselves which makes them unique. Korean women are spending an increasing amount of money trying to attain the Western ideal. This money is not well-spent, for it perpetuates the patriarchy and oppression and causes the woman to become inauthentic and other women to feel inferior. Everybody should celebrate themselves, however they were created, and not pay attention to the images in the media, for this kind of perfection is not attainable, nor should it be.

Elements of Evaluation Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Elements of Evaluation - Assignment Example They are reach, adoption, efficacy, maintenance and adoption. Reach is used to measure the depth in which the intervention is exposed to a specific group of people or a community (McKenzie, Neiger & Thackeray, 2012). Adoption is an analysis of the effectiveness of the way in which intervention strategies have been implemented in a certain community setting. The creation of an intervention program should be based on its ability to be adopted to solve a specific problem (McKenzie, Neiger & Thackeray, 2012). The efficacy of an intervention refers to its ability to address the health problem described. An intervention program should also be maintained. Maintenance of an intervention reflects heavily on the evaluation results of the intervention which reflects the durability of an intervention and its ability to maintained and remain relevance in addressing the health problem stated (McKenzie, Neiger & Thackeray, 2012). After obtaining of the results an intervention can be moved forward by using validity, reliability and sensitivity to change. Validity increases the durability of intervention and helps it maintain relevance in addressing the stated health problem (McKenzie, Neiger & Thackeray, 2012). Reliability is the ability to increase the level at which a health issue is dependable on an intervention program to be solved. Additionally, an intervention can be enhanced by increasing its adaptability feature which increases its sensitivity to adapt to incorporate changes (McKenzie, Neiger & Thackeray,

Case Study of Best Buy

Case Study of Best Buy In 1966 Richard Schultze and James Wheeler saw an opportunity in opening a specialized electronics store in St. Paul, Minnesota. Soon after opening, The Sound of Music became an immediate success in the industry. By the year 1969 the company grew so fast, Schultze decided to publically trade The Sound of Music. Over the next few years, The Sound of Music was able to raise their annual revenues to over $1 million. In 1981, a tornado hit the Roseville, Minnesota store. In order to salvage what they could from the storm wreckage they held a huge storewide sale which was advertised as The Best Buy. The sale was such a huge success that Schultze decided to hold it annually. Sound of Music became widely known for this annual best buy sale, therefore in 1983, the board of directors decided to officially change the name to Best Buy Co., Inc.  [1]   Best Buy went on to become the leading consumer electronics retail store in the Nation. By 2008 they had opened their 1000th store (Lawrence being #837). Due to their success, Best Buy was able to expand their business by building additional stores throughout the nation as well as expanding internationally in countries such as UK, Canada, Mexico and China. Best Buy was able to achieve such growth because of the rapidly growing consumer electronics market. Best Buy was joined in the Industry by competitors such as GameStop, Radio Shack, hhgregg and Conns Inc. (Yahoo financial).  [2]  Other competition includes Wal-Mart, Nebraska Furniture Mart and other big super stores. By being the Industry Pioneer, Best Buy has been able to maintain positive annual revenues as well as a large market share. Business Information Best Buy is one of the International leaders in the sale of electronics. They offer a wide variety of products that are needed as well as wanted in the entertainment industry. Best Buy carries movies, games, music, computer hardware as well as software, and television entertainment equipment. They also provide many home appliances which are sought after by people throughout their market. Best Buy is successful because it provides customers with entertainment as well as equipment and the newest technology as it becomes available in the market. Geographical Reach Best Buy offers its services and products to people not just throughout our country, but in many different countries as well. Their first international venture came in 2001 with the acquisition of Future Shop. Future Shop was the leading consumer electronics retailer in Canada. Since 2001, Best Buy has expanded by establishing stores in Canada as well as the UK, China, Mexico, and they are looking to establish a position in Turkey in the future. Market Performance The market for consumer electronics is a very saturated market. Most of the electronic needs in the industry are spoken for by current businesses, therefore it is very difficult for any new competition to enter into the market and successfully compete. Best Buy has been able to capture a substantial amount of the market for electronics. Between the five main competitors for electronics, Best Buy has a $17.5 billion market capitalization, which is number one out of all 5 electronic specialists. It is hard to quantitatively compare Best Buy to businesses such as Wal-Mart, Target and Nebraska Furniture Mart because these firms sell a variety of other products to different industries. After interviewing Supervisor, Jeremy Brown he discussed the service you will receive when you shop at Best Buy. Best Buy is the place you know you will receive the best service and help from employees in searching for the item you came in to buy.  [3]  Given the data found, Best Buy has been able to pe rform as the market leader in the electronics Industry. Best Buy has the greatest Brand awareness in the Industry. They have very loyal customers because of their Geek Squad business which was opened in 2004. The Geek Squad operates to assist customers in learning how to use the products that they previously purchased from Best Buy, as well as servicing any customers equipment which is in need of repair or replacement. Jeremy Brown said, It benefits Best Buy having a complimenting business like Geek Squad because it allows us to offer the whole solution to the customer. We can repair, protect, as well as install any product the customer would need us to.  [4]  By offering a variety of products and services in the electronic industry, Best Buy can tailor to any needs of the existing market. Financial Performance In the end of the February 2010 fiscal year, Best Buy reported revenues of $49,694 million. This was a 10.3% increase from the previous year. Net profit in 2010 was $1,317 million which was a 31.31% increase from 2009. Best Buy, which is publically traded on the New York stock exchange is currently up 42.59. Best Buys revenue per share is $121.49. According to Yahoo finance the company has a strong balance sheet, with $840 billion in cash and cash equivalents as of the most recent quarter in August 2010, meaning that Best Buy has created a successful trend of positive cash flows.  [5]   Internal Analysis Since Best Buys inception in 1966, the companys top executives have used numerous strategies to keep their earnings increasing at a steady pace. Changing the way that people shop in their stores was a key internal strategy for Best Buy. In 1984, they introduced the superstore format for the first time. This allowed for sales to rise and for them to secure a 42% market share. In 1989, Best Buy introduced its Concept II stores. The new stores had a large warehouse attached to the store so that more inventory could be kept on site and thus help with inventory management. The new stores also had self-help information guides and answer centers for customers seeking personal attention. This move had both positive and negative reactions. The customers liked it so sales rose, but some suppliers thought that the lack of sales representatives would lead to lesser sales. In 1994, the Concept III stores were introduced and they had even more self-help service. Then Hitachi and Kenwood pulled their products from Best Buy stores because they believed that salespeople were key to selling their product. Despite the minor setbacks, revamping the stores to tend to the customers wants was working as sales continued to rise. Concept IV stores launched in 1998 and they implemented digital displays as well as new departments such as home theatre and digital imaging. This new store design was a tremendous success as Best Buy recorded record sales of $224 million in 1998, a 137% increase from the previous year. Then in June, Best Buy changed the way its products were sold again by selling consumer electronics on its website. From expanding to a superstore to selling its products online, Best Buy has tweaked and changed its distribution medium to allow for its profits to keep going up. Probably the largest factor in Best Buys success is its expansion into new markets and offering of new products. The consumer electronic industry is constantly changing as technology improves and new markets are created. Best Buy stores are always stocked with the most up to date products. In 1982, they started selling VCRs and appliances. Then in 2000, Best Buy partnered with Whirlpool to start offering KitchenAid brand appliances. In 2008, they even bought a majority holding in Napster. They were also the first third party retailer to sell Apples iPhone. Now, theyve opened Apple stores inside the Best Buy megastores. In 2006, they tried the digital music market as they launched the Best Buy Digital Music Store and in 2010, they launch their web-based movie service. Best Buy is constantly looking for new markets that they could feasibly dive into and start selling new products.  [6]   Another way Best Buy tailors their stores for the customer is by purchasing another company. Magnolia Hi-Fi, one of Best Buys competitors, was bought by Best Buy in 2000 for $87 million. This allowed for Best Buy to later put Magnolia Home Theatre stores inside of hundreds of Best Buy superstores. As technology increased in the consumer electronics market, there was a growing need for technical support and assistance with different, more complicated electronics. So in 2003, Best Buy acquired Geek Squad in order to better accommodate to the customers needs. Geek Squad gives Best Buy full technical support right there in the store for all of the electronics that they sell. In 2006, Best Buy acquired Pacific Sales Kitchen and Bath, a retailer of high-end home improvement products. So, Best Buy is also looking to move to new markets via an acquisition.  [7]   Best Buy also uses a rewards program to help boost sales. Their rewards program gives the customer a $5 Best Buy gift card for every $100 that he spends at Best Buy. This gives an incentive for customers to spend more money and to buy their electronics at Best Buy since theyre getting 5% of their money spent back. Plus, giving out a free gift card will help boost sales. If someone has a $5 gift card, they are more likely to go and buy something. But there arent many things that cost $5 or less, so usually, the customer will end up spending more than $5, all because he had the gift card in the first place. The rewards program has been very successful for Best Buy and has lead to increased sales.  [8]   Best Buy is a successful consumer electronics retailer that has been around for over 40 years. Whether its changing the layout of the store, selling new products in new markets, expanding through acquisition, or implementing a rewards program, Best Buy uses many strategies and tactics to not just survive in the consumer electronics market, but to thrive, and Best Buy has been thriving for over 40 years. Comparison To Competiton Best Buy has a sizeable piece of the consumer electronics industry, but they still face heavy competition from many other retailers and online stores, just a couple of them being Wal-Mart and Amazon. Best Buy is not the price leader when it comes to consumer electronics, but they do seem to be the leader when it comes to providing extensive knowledge about products, and selling services with them. Their competitive advantage  [9]  is being able to display products in an appealing setting while providing customers with insight to their product needs. This has proven a successful strategy and has attracted a lot of traffic in their stores. One metric Best Buy seems to lead the retail industry in is in-store sales per square foot. Best Buys current sales per sq. ft is around $830, compared to Wal-Marts $680, and HHGregs $380. This an important metric because it helps track how much of their store front space is being utilized, as leasing for space usually constitutes a large share o f a companys costs. Forbes Magazine1 says that 74% of Best Buys stock price is directly proportional to its sales per sq. ft metric. This is much of the reason Best Buy has been so successful and why theyve been able to keep growing so rapidly. Best Buy has also remained successful for its ability to get products out of the store. Latest figures show Best Buy having inventory turns  [10]  of 6.1, the same as Target, much better than Sears 2.9 or Radio Shacks 3.2. Close to Best Buy was HH Greg with 5.8. Amazon and Wal-Mart both have higher turns but Amazon is all online with no store front, and Wal-Mart is a much larger company with a better supply chain and a far broader array of products while also focusing on a cost-leadership strategy. Though Best Buys differentiated strategy has been successful, it can possibly encourage consumers to come into Best Buy to become educated about products, and then turn around go buy them at Wal-Mart or off of the internet. To better differentiate themselves, Best Buy has focused on services to add to their products, of which would not be available unless otherwise purchased from Best Buy. These services include extended services plans, installations, and repairs. These services usually have high profit margins and can constitute a significant amount of revenue, while giving customer professional installations and peace of mind. Wal-Mart is also on Best Buys trail, now adding expanded electronics department in many of its stores and has added personnel to provide customer assistance, similarly to Best Buy stores. Given Wal-Marts supply chain and price leading capabilities, they remain a constant threat to Best Buy. Amazon remains a threat as their prices are usually always lower, and consumers can shop from home and never have to go to the store. Although Best Buy provides this service, they cannot match the price, and with no other way to differentiate themselves through the limited online experience, price remains the deciding factor. For these reasons Best Buy continues to try to set its self apart and take advantage of its strengths. Its recently used it large distribution network to get into the used game market. It will buy used games, send them to a center to be refurbished, and sells them at relatively low prices. This is helping the huge retailer compete directly with small retailers such as Game Stop. With their size, Best Buy has an opportunity to steal market share in this industry. External Analysis The general environment involves several external factors that would have unpredictable and dramatic effects on firms strategy, such as demography, socio culture, politics, technology, economy and globalization. However, it is difficult to monitor all aspects of the general environment, so most managers only focus on their own industry structure. As the leading consumer electronics retailer in the United States, Best Buy primarily faces the economic segment and the global segment. First of all, the economy affects all industry. During the financial crisis period from 2008 to 2009, the stock price of Best Buy, Inc hit to $16.42 in the third quarter of 2009 fiscal year, dropping approximately 65.43% in four months and touched the lowest price in past 5 years; the net income of 2009 decreased to 1.003 million, comparing with previous annual net income of $1.407 million, thus distracting the investors.  [11]  The worst situation may be that total operating cash flow reduced by 148 mi llion from 2008 to 2009, which significantly limited the companys internal operating activities. However, with the recovery of the domestic and global economy, the companys net income climbed to $1.137 million by February 2010, which is 13.36% higher than previous annual performance. Also the stock price reached about $42.83 per share recently. Secondly, for global segment, Best Buy divided its operating portion into two parts, domestic and international. The company tends to expand its market to attract multinational customers, to use lower costs of resource, and to access more opportunities to grow up. Besides the domestic market, Best Buy established 2453 stores in Europe, Canada, China, Mexico and Turkey at the end of fiscal 2010. Although the general environment inevitably affects the firms strategy, the company is usually more directly influenced by forces in the competitive environment. Through the Porters five-force model of industry competition, the company would have a deep realization of developing trend and ability of restructuring and improvement. The Threat of New Entrants There are few new major entrants in Consumer Electronics Appliances Retail because this industry is already mature in United States and the entry barriers are relatively high. Obviously, Best Buy has the advantage of economies of scale with 1069 stores across the all states. Its major competitors, Wal-Mart, target, Amazon, apple Inc also share the rest of market through the physical stores and web-based sales channel. Moreover, the capital requirement for entering the consumer electronics industry is normally huge, including the investment in negotiation with distribution channels, inventory systems, purchasing of infrastructure, employee training and so forth. Another barrier exists in the product differentiation. Since the consumer electronic retail industry is not highly innovative, customers loyalty and brand identification are difficult to change. The Bargaining Power of Buyers The Power of buyers in consumer electronic retail industry is relatively high because that the switching costs are almost close to zero. In most circumstances, customers are price sensitive. According to the firms annual report, Best buys business is most profitable in the fourth quarter because of the discounts of products in holiday season. The Bargaining Power of Suppliers Partially, Best Buys business depends on offering a broad selection of name-brand products, so establishing a long and stable relationship with suppliers is important for the firm. Since the suppliers of Best Buy are not dominated by a few companies. In fact, In fiscal 2010, our 20 largest suppliers accounted for just under 60% of the merchandise we purchased, with five suppliers Apple, Hewlett-Packard, Samsung, Sony and Toshiba -representing 35% of total merchandise purchased.  [12]  In other words, the concentration relative to buyer industry is low, thus leads to the low suppliers power. The Threat of Substitute Products and Services Best Buy offers almost the same electronic products as Wal-Mart, Target and Amazon. How can it differentiate from those competitors? The answer is Geek Squad. It is a subsidiary of the Best Buy and primary offers services in-store, on-site and also provides 24-hour telephone and emergency support, including repairing computers, adding cars navigation, transferring data, fixing personal digital products and so on. As their first pledge states: We are dedicated to giving you the best service possible and well prove it. If youre not completely satisfied, well do our best to correct the problem, Fast and Free.  [13]  This strategy is difficult to imitate and brings the firm high profits. The Intensity of Rivalry among Competitors in an Industry In order to compete with so many competitors in this industry, Best Buy needs to consider the settlement of price, to face the advertising battles, to continuously improve the customer services and warranties. In addition to low industry growth rate, low product differentiation, and low switching costs, the intensity of competitive rivalry is pretty high. After the analysis of the companys general and competitive environment, Best Buy has reached success through expanding, providing prior and high-quality service, well established relationships with customers and suppliers, and differentiation. Recommendations for the Future As the leading company in the Electronics Industry, Best Buy already has a competitive advantage over its competitors. In order to gain even more market share for their company there are steps Best Buy could take in becoming more specialized. If they kept their focus on the specific aspects of the electronics industry that the everyday consumer does not necessarily know, consumers would feel even more comfortable purchasing specific electronic products. This way they would be differentiating themselves from their main competitors and be considered as a superior business all together. An advantage that Best Buy has is the production of their own products, such as Rocketfish, Dynex, Init. This allows for Best Buy to gain higher margins on products that are sold. Therefore we feel that it is important for Best Buy to market their products strongly. By increased advertising and promotion on such products, consumers will begin purchasing Best Buys own products rather than other competing name brands such as Sony and LG. It is also important for Best Buy to continually enhance their employee relationship within the Company. A job at Best Buy is highly sought after, however it is important for them to keep their employees interests in the company high. By maintaining good employee relations they are also ensuring that their employees speak of them highly outside of work which ensures their customer relations in good order as well. It would be beneficial if Best Buy would keep enhancing their Reward and Benefit Systems for their employees. By doing so, moral and interest in the company will increase and the Company will see improvements in their performance. One example of such reward systems that Best Buy already has in place are what they call Blue Crew Bucks. This system is used to pay a bonus to stores who perform the highest and their employees. While Sarah Ballard, Vice President of Human Capital for Best Buy developed this system and thought it was a great idea employees thought differently. Thr ee months after it began, she realized that employees didnt agree. Store managers told her that some workers thought Best Buy wouldnt pay up; others just didnt understand the program. After realizing that employees were upset she was able to talk to managers of each store and clarify how the program worked. By continually receiving feedback from employees and the management team, Best Buy is able to make sure that everyone is satisfied with their work environment and with how things operate.  [14]   As new products are constantly entering the market along with rapidly developing technology it is important for Best Buy to keep up with the market and make sure they always provide the newest products for customers immediately. With the latest products such as the I-Pad and X-box Kinect consumers will only consider shopping for these at the stores they know will be the first to carry them. It is important for customers to know when they want to purchase that new item they can do so at Best Buy. Jeremy Brown stated, It is so important to have the newest items for customers when they come out. Upon the new items release we must make sure that we have enough of the product to cover the demand and place them at an appropriate location in the store to maximize the items appeal.  [15]  Making sure these new products are placed so that they can be easily identified by consumers when they enter the store is very important for the company. This will attract consumers into the store in th e first place, in hopes that upon purchasing the new item, they will also decide to purchase other items. After analyzing Best Buys competitive approach in their corporate strategies, it is apparent that they have established themselves as the leader in the consumer Electronics Industry. The resources that Best Buy has at their expense allow for them to have a remain competitive in the electronics industry as a leading electronics retailer. The process by which Best Buy utilizes their resources is a valuable asset, for the company strives to continually strengthen their competitive approach. They can continue to strengthen this by focusing on great employee relationships, keeping up with the newest technology and products in their stores and focusing on specific products where they have a competitive advantage above competition.

Management Power and Change Essay

1 Abstract The dynamics of power relations and their effects on organizational change was often underestimated by researchers. Analyses of the role played by power in organizational change are increasing in intensity, scale and impact (Munduate and Bennebroeck-Gravenhorst 2003). The appropriate and effective use of power is fundamental for managers engaged in major change processes. This report deals with the topic of management power and change. It focuses on the exercise of power and its function in organizational change. At first power and change management will be defined and then the bases or sources of power and the responses which are provoked according to the type of power being applied .how power can be used to influence and facilitate organizational change. 2 Definition of Power There are many variations to the definition of power and there are disagreements on its definition and what the best way is to measure it. The definition also depends on the context in which power is used. In this case, since the report focuses on the explanation of the use of power in the setting of organizational change, power is â€Å"the potential ability to influence behavior, to change the course of events, to overcome resistance, and to get people to do things that they would not otherwise do† (Pfeffer, 1993: 204-5). 2.1 Power and Influence In trying to understand how change is achieved, social psychologists have used the concepts of social power and influence (Raven 1999) and therefore the terms power and influence are sometimes used synonymously, but there are discrepancies between them. Social power indicates the various tools a person has to influence the environment or the other party, while influence is referring to the actual use of a specific tool in a particular situation (Munduate and Medina 2009). According to French and Raven (1959) influence is a force one person (the leader or agent) exerts on someone else (follower or target) to induce a change in the latter, including changes in behaviors, attitudes, and values. Social power was subsequently defined as the potential ability of a person to influence someone else. â€Å"Basically, influence is the effect a person’s actions have on the attitudes, values, beliefs, or behavior of others. Whereas power is the capacity to cause a change in a person, influence may be thought of as the degree of actual change† (Daft, 2006: 679-680). Boddy defines influence as the process by which one party attempts to modify the behavior of others by mobilizing power resources. Hence, in order to apprehend the function of the change agent in the promotion of change in an organization, the reactions of the targets involving a proactive disposition toward change have to be considered first and then the available tools for the change agent to influence the targets (Munduate and Medina 2009). 2.3 Types of Influence Processes There are clear differences in the way followers comply to direct and indirect social pressure from a leader and actually being convinced by him. In one case the influence may just be sufficient to exercise control over the followers’ behavior, guaranteeing a public agreement no matter if the followers are privately convinced. In another case the influence could be so strong that it changes the followers’ opinion and merely makes him committed to the leader’s request. Consequently, different types of influences have been proposed by social psychologists, whereby the most important was Kelman’s distinction (1961) between compliance, internalization, and identification. 2.4 Bases of Power For a manager to be effective, he has to possess a source of power which he can use to influence employees to take actions or carry out orders which they would not have done in the absence of that power source.

Intermolecular Force Definition in Chemistry

The intermolecular force is the sum of all the forces between two neighboring molecules. The forces result from the actions of the kinetic energy of atoms and the slight positive and negative electrical charges on different parts of a molecule that affect its neighbors and any solute that may be present. The three main categories of intermolecular forces are London dispersion forces, dipole-dipole interaction, and ion-dipole interaction. Hydrogen bonding is considered a form of dipole-dipole interaction, and so contributes to the net intermolecular force. In contrast, intramolecular force is the sum of the forces that act within a molecule between its atoms. The intermolecular force is measured indirectly using measurements of various properties, including volume, temperature, pressure, and viscosity.

Essay on American Songs that Record Culture and History

American Songs that Record Culture and History As has been said many times over, songs are a reflection of society. They give insight into feelings, moods, historical changes, and the overall atmosphere of the society. Our American society is diverse and so too is our music. There are many genres of music and there were many evolutions to create those genres. Further, what happens in society, the historical changes, also effect those changes. Sex, drugs, alcohol. They are influential substance/actions by all accounts. Love, hate, sadness, desire, fear. They are strong emotions. In songs played on the radio there are many songs with references to both the good and bad of the topics mentioned above. However,†¦show more content†¦It is safe to say that a majority of American youth find underage drinking okay. This song also seems to say that the youth find nothing wrong with casual sex. And after listening to just one night of the daily news, many would agree to the above ideas. Even the song â€Å"Doo Wop (That Thing)† by Lauryn Hill suggests that American youth are casually having sex and immaturely doing so. In her song she warns today’s youth to be careful and not get caught up in the game. â€Å"Giving it up so easy you ain’t even foolin’ him†¦Showing off your ass cause you thinking it’s a trend.† The lyrics hit hard, but Lauryn Hill is giving us a glim pse into the lives of a majority of our youth. Although we, or our children, may not be of the majority, this is the truth and it does hurt. One day our songs will be history. One day someone will look at those lyrics I have listed above and see references to our culture and how we lived our lives. But for today we look at yesterday’s songs and see history. We listen for hints into how people felt and what was going on. We look for songs like â€Å"Your Dog Loves My Dog†sang by the Nashville Quartet. This song demonstrates some of the frustrations of those living during the civil rights movement. Even though they lived across the street from one another, a traditional black family never knew their traditional white family neighbors. Not because they could not speak or could not walk over the way, but because it was not acceptable.Show MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Song Crazy Blues 1172 Words   |  5 Pagescover of the song originally written by Perry Bradford. This timeless piece of history was first recorded on August 10th, 1920 by Mamie Smith and later released on as a vinyl record by Okeh Reco rds.3 Smith’s version of the song was wildly successful, selling 75,000 copies in the first month following its release. Within a year, the record had sold over a million copies, and in all, two million copies were purchased.4 After its incredible success, recording companies rushed to record other AfricanRead MoreMusic During The 1920 S1609 Words   |  7 Pagesmainstream radio and the conclusion of World War I. The 1920s was the decade that marked the beginning of the modern music era. Some of the popular music genres were Jazz, Dance Bands, Blues, and Broadway. The decade marked the beginning of independent record companies, smaller operations that weren’t afraid to take a chance on music and artists that the bigger companies shied away from. After researching on the internet about the music in the 1920’s, I was fascinated by this topic and wanted to learnRead MoreCharacter Analysis Of Alice Walkers Nineteen Fifty-Five940 Words   |  4 Pagesabout Gracie Mae Still, a former blues artist, who sells her song to Traynor, an up and coming artist, who then proceeds to make her song famous. The story revolves around how this white man performs the song that made him famous without understanding the true meaning of the song. â€Å"Nineteen Fifty-Five† centers around the idea that Traynor does not understand the plight of African-Americans, who invented rock and roll, and by performing songs originally by black artists, Traynor is only imitating andRead MoreMotown Records Influence On Society Essay1128 Words   |  5 PagesFrigon Litz American Lit December 7, 2016 Motown Records Influence on society Through the creation of Motown records Berry Gordy changed the barrier between white and black americans and their music. Before Gordy come along to change the standards of american culture whites and blacks had different labels and music. Motown Records is the first record label to successfully market black artists to the white mainstream audience. (Dahl 12-15) Berry Gordy was the first African American to own a musicRead MoreMusic and the American Culture Essay1620 Words   |  7 Pageshuman culture and evidence based on archaeological sites can date it back to prehistoric times. It can be traced through almost all civilizations in one form or another. As time has progressed so has the music and the influences it has on people. Music is an important part of popular culture throughout the world, but it is especially popular in the United States. The music industry here is, and has been, a multi-million dollar business that continues to play an important role in American popula rRead MoreIs Modern Hip Hop Music?965 Words   |  4 PagesWithin the last two decades, young Native Americans have chosen to express themselves through the lyrical broadcast that is modern hip hop music. Not many substantial records of Native American Hip Hop exist before the founding of popular internet websites such as RedHipHop.com. RedHipHop went up on the internet in 1999 and disappeared in 2003. The web site connected users with hip hop blogs and downloadable MP3s. (RED HIPHOP) Soon after, NativeHipHop.net went up and began to gain traction. Due toRead MoreUnderstanding The Argument Surrounding Frances Densmore s Work935 Words   |  4 PagesShe first started collecting American Indian songs after she was inspired by the work of Alison Fletcher’s book â€Å"A Study of Omaha Music† in the late 1800s. Her first interaction came in 1893 at a convention where she first-hand witnessed Native dancing and singing, and her intrigue grew from there. Her collection of s ongs was vast, and diverse, considering she gathered the songs from all around the country during the 19th and 20th centuries. She collected a lot of songs in a short period of time byRead More Culture and Cross-Cultural Linkages in American Music Essay580 Words   |  3 PagesCulture and Cross-Cultural Linkages in American Music I have recently been listening to a lot of Motown music and even jazz. I have never before explored music in the extent that I have done this semester. I always thought of myself as â€Å"cultured† but this semester, I’ve begun to realize there are more areas of music that I have not explored than those which I have. And as I explore culture and cross-cultural linkages in our music, I realize how much one generation’s music ‘speaks’Read MoreHip Hop And Rap Music1699 Words   |  7 Pageswas technology driven more electronic sounds were being used on the drum machines. Funk was the new dance in the early 70’s. This particular style of singing in which was being used is called rapping, this begun in African American, Urban Areas, Jamaican American, Latino American and many others cities of the United States. The group of artist or singer say words with a rhythm that rhymes. Some hip-hop music lyrics are about violence and illegal d rugs. Often time lyrics are about the life of urbanRead MoreEssay about Hip/Hop Versus RB921 Words   |  4 Pagesblack music. The black culture is a phenomenal subject representing the life style, imagination and accomplishments of people. One of the most outstanding and unique characteristic that makes this culture one of a kind is the music I has produced. Music has a common characteristic that is unique to all cultures throughout the world. Today, I want to focus on the comparing of two music styles Hip-Hop versus Ramp;B and the influence that it has mad on the black culture. The four most popular